Explain how and why governments and other bodies have promoted ecotourism in LEDC and MEDC countries

A-Level: Geography

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Ecotourism developed as a form of specialised flexible tourism. It emerged because mass tourism was seen as having a negative impact upon natural and social environments and also because there were a growing number of wealthy tourists dissatisfied with package holidays.

A good example of a country using ecotourism is Bhutan. This is a small country in the Himalayas and is one of the poorest nations in the world. Instead of trying to generate large revenues using its fine scenery, wildlife and Buddhist cultural heritage, it had put the emphasis on conservation of its assets. After 300 years of isolation, Bhutan reopened its doors to tourists in 1974. However, foreign visitors are rationed to 2500 a year and all tourists must be part of an approved organised tour. In addition, all tourist developments such as hotels must use traditional designs and materials. Originally, people who took an ecotourism holiday were prepared to accept quite simple accommodation and facilities. This is sustainable and has little effect upon the environment. However, as a location becomes more popular and marketed more, the number of tourists increases as does the facilities required. This is an unsustainable form of ecotourism as it destroys part of the environment and culture that the visitors travel to.

South Africa has many attractions for tourists interested in ecology. The most famous and most popular is the Kruger National Park, established in 1026. The park contains nine rivers and has an unparalleled diversity of wildlife. It has more species than any other park in Africa. Species including elephant, rhino, lion, leopard, buffalo, cheetah and wild dog are all present, due to the Park’s variety of habitat. The climate in the Kruger National Park is sub-tropical with rains concentrated in summer between October and March. Winter is therefore a popular time to view game, as the vegetation is less dense. Surface water is restricted to rivers and water holes, and so animals must use these to find water. Consequently, there is a concentration of animals and tourists in specific places at certain time i.e. around water sources during the dry season.
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